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Michael Mosoeu Moerane (* 1909 in Mangoloaneng, Cape Colony, † 1981, according to other data 1904-1980) was a South African composer and choirmaster.
Moerane's father came from Basutoland, today's Lesotho. Moerane was educated at Lovedale Institute and Fort Hare University. In Lovedale he began to teach in 1927. He studied composition, orchestration, harmony, counterpoint and music history at the University of South Africa and was the first non-whitener to receive a Bachelor of Music degree in South Africa. Additional composition lessons he took with Friedrich Hartmann from Rhodes University in Grahamstown. He later worked as a teacher at a high school in Maseru in Lesotho, at the Umfundisweni Institute in Pondoland, and finally at Peka High School in Peka, Lesotho.
In 1941 Moerane completed the symphonic poem Fatse la heso, which was premiered in 1944 by the BBC Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Clifford Curzon. In 1994, the National Symphony Orchestra of the South African Broadcasting Corporation under the direction of Peter Marchbank recorded the work on CD. Because of his resistance to the Bantu Education Act Moerane lost his position in 1953 as a teacher. He was still active as a pianist and choirmaster.